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<td class="pageTitle" nowrap="true">Task Descriptor: Operation Analysis</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">This task defines how to perform the transformation of a behavioral description at the System Level, into coarse-grained system structure.</td>
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<tr>
<td>Based on Method Task: <a href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_analysis_14743F05.html" guid="_cnJO4N9yEdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Operation Analysis</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Relationships</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Roles</th><td class="sectionTableCell" width="30%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Main:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_designer_27C26C75.html" guid="_sqbq4EaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">设计人员</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell" width="30%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Additional:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_software_architect_8B6C5D41.html" guid="_COWYtRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">软件设计人员</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Assisting:
								</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Inputs</th><td class="sectionTableCell" width="30%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Mandatory:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_operation_9446578E.html" guid="_srSmgEaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">操作</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_analysis_model_71BF5F7C.html" guid="_ZQarczbZEdqdbfmtFQj8qA">分析模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_usecase_model_9EE4379E.html" guid="_srSmgUaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">用例模型</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell" width="30%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Optional:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_operation_realization_8D7D4BB4.html" guid="_srSmgkaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">操作实现</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">External:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>None</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Outputs</th><td class="sectionTableCell" colspan="3">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_operation_9446578E.html" guid="_srSmgEaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">操作</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_operation_realization_8D7D4BB4.html" guid="_srSmgkaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">操作实现</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_analysis_model_71BF5F7C.html" guid="_ZQarczbZEdqdbfmtFQj8qA">分析模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_usecase_model_9EE4379E.html" guid="_srSmgUaBEdqUkdzVfCuHXg">用例模型</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">Steps</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td class="sectionTableCell">
<div class="stepHeading">Elaborate black-box text into subsystem white-box steps</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    In this step, you take the Use-Case Model and elaborate the black-box flow-of-events text (which is a property of each
    use case) into sequences of white-box steps (which speak in terms of subsystem actions and interactions, using the
    subsystems and outlined collaborations from System Architectural Analysis). If this task is performed for a subsystem
    for which the operations have been already specified, then the starting point are the operations and you can proceed
    directly to the <a href="#Initial White-Box Step Expansion">Initial White-Box Step Expansion</a>.
</p>
<p>
    For example, if you had used a tabular description as in the table, Example Black-Box Flow-of-Events:
</p>
<div align="center">
    <center>
        <table width="86%" border="1">
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <td width="200%" colspan="5">
                        <p align="center">
                            <font face="Arial" size="3"><b><i>System Use-Case &lt;name&gt;</i></b></font>
                        </p>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td align="middle" width="10%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Step</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="18%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Actor Action</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="28%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Description</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="44%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="44%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>System Operation</b></font>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td align="middle" width="10%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>1</i></b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="18%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span                         style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(actor
                        action identifier): description of what the actor does, for example, "AA1: this use case begins
                        when the <b>Clerk</b> pushes the New Sale button"</span></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="28%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span                         style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(black-box
                        step identifier): description of the system's response (without revealing the internal structure of
                        the system), for example, "BBS1: the system brings up new sales clerk and customer's screens and
                        enables the scanner"</span></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span                         style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(black-box
                        step requirements identifier): description of how well the system must perform this step; for
                        example, in terms of response time or rate, for example, "SUP36.2: total response time is 0.5
                        seconds"</span></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span                         style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(system
                        operation identifier): name of the system operation which is invoked for this step, for example,
                        "&lt;&lt;operation&gt;&gt; Begin New Sale" (from Context Diagram, defined in <a class="elementLinkWithType" href="./../../rup/tasks/define_system_context_D2899FFE.html" guid="_Ub-SUN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Task: Define System Context</a>)</span></font>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td align="middle" width="10%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>2</i></b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="18%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="28%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td align="middle" width="10%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>3</i></b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="18%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="28%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="44%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </center>
</div>
<p class="tableheading" align="center">
    Example Black-Box Flow-of-Events
</p>
<p align="left">
    If the task is performed for a subsystem for which only the operations have been defined
</p>
<p align="left">
    Next, a System Operation (black-box step) is expanded into one or more white-box steps, each of which is performed by a
    named subsystem. The Designer is guided by the work done by the Architect (during Architectural Analysis) in the
    selection of subsystems and interactions which are used to describe the white-box steps. Note that the analysis now
    proceeds driven by System Operation; that is, treat the next realization step as the realization of each System
    Operation (rather than the more abstract notion of system use case black-box step).&nbsp;
</p>
<h4 align="left">
    <a id="Initial White-Box Step Expansion" name="Initial White-Box Step Expansion">Initial white-box step expansion</a>
</h4>
<p align="left">
    The white-box steps for each System Operation (gray background in the table below) are captured (initially) in the
    Analysis Model, associated with the corresponding System Operation as its realization. The white-box steps are not
    stored with the System Use-Case (they are shown that way here simply as an illustration), but can be traced from the
    System Use Case through the System Operation. <!--StartFragment -->
</p>
<div align="center">
    <table width="88%" border="1">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td width="100%" colspan="10">
                    <p align="center">
                        <font face="Arial" size="3"><b><i>System Use-Case &lt;name&gt;</i></b></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>System Operation</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Step</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="18%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Actor Action</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="28%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Subsystem White-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>White-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Locality</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Process</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Worker</b></font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <p align="left">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(system&nbsp;operation identifier): name of the
                        system&nbsp;operation which is invoked for this step, for example, "&lt;&lt;system
                        operation&gt;&gt; Begin New Sale" (from Context Diagram)</span></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>1</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(actor action identifier): description of what the <b>actor</b> does,
                    e.g., "AA1: this use case begins when the <b>Clerk</b> pushes the New Sale button"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="28%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step identifier): description of the system's response
                    (without revealing the internal structure of the system), e.g., "BBS1: the system brings up new sales
                    clerk and customer's screens and enables the scanner"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step requirements identifier): description of how well the
                    system must perform this step; for example, in terms of response time or rate, e.g. "SUP36.2: total
                    response time is 0.5 seconds"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier): description of an action performed by a
                    <b>subsystem</b> (performing part of the black-box step) in the form of input, processing, output,
                    e.g., "WBS1: the <b>Point-of-Sale Interface</b> clears the transaction, brings up new sales screens,
                    and requests that <b>Order Processing</b> start a sales list"</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier):...</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>2</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>3</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
<p class="tableheading" align="center">
    Example White-Box Flow-of-Events
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="stepHeading">Augment white-box steps with locality, process and worker decisions</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    The description is then further augmented with locality decisions, process decisions, and worker decisions. The
    locality decision places, with some latitude (given the level of abstraction of locality) where the subsystem white-box
    step are performed. The process decision is necessary only when it is decided that (for this step at least), the
    subsystem is "passive," that is, its operations are invoked by processes external to the subsystem. An "active"
    subsystem is able to respond autonomously, using processes internal to the subsystem. The system designer is again
    guided by the work of the system architect (in producing the Locality Model and Process Model). In worker decisions,
    appropriate when you make allocations to human resources, you start to identify the organizational entities and then
    system worker resources needed for a System Operation.
</p>
<p>
    If the analysis shows that a white-box step requires more than one locality (or process), then decompose it into
    smaller steps, so that each can be associated with a single locality (and process, where appropriate). This
    decomposition might have important architectural ramifications (it might need the subsystem to be refactored) and needs
    to be canvassed with the team or person playing the System Architect role. <!--StartFragment -->
</p>
<div align="center">
    <table width="88%" border="1">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td width="100%" colspan="10">
                    <p align="center">
                        <font face="Arial" size="3"><b><i>System Use-Case &lt;name&gt;</i></b></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <p>
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>System&nbsp;</b></font><font face="Arial"                         size="2"><b>Operation&nbsp;</b></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Step</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="18%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Actor Action</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="28%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Subsystem White-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>White-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Locality</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Process</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Worker</b></font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <p align="left">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(system&nbsp;operation identifier): name of the
                        system&nbsp;operation which is invoked for this step, for example, "&lt;&lt;system
                        operation&gt;&gt; Begin New Sale" (from Context Diagram)</span></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>1</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(actor action identifier): description of what the <b>actor</b> does,
                    for example, "AA1: this use case begins when the <b>Clerk</b> pushes the New Sale button"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="28%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step identifier): description of the response (without
                    revealing the internal structure of the system), for example, "BBS1: the system brings up new sales
                    clerk and customer's screens and enables the scanner"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step requirements identifier): description of how well the
                    system must perform this step; for example, in terms of response time or rate, for example, "SUP36.2:
                    total response time is 0.5 seconds"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier): description of an action performed by a
                    <b>subsystem</b> (performing part of the black-box step) in the form of input, processing, output, for
                    example, "WBS1: the <b>Point-of-Sale Interface</b> clears the transaction, brings up new sales screens,
                    and requests that <b>Order Processing</b> start a sales list"</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Locality identifier</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Process identifier</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Organization or System Worker identifier</font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier):...</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>2</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>3</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
<p align="center">
    Example Augmented White-Box Flow-of-Events
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="stepHeading">Allocate white-box budgeted requirements</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    Next, apportion black-box step budgeted requirements to white-box steps. This allocation helps determine the
    performance requirements for both the subsystem and the associated locality. In the case of a passive subsystem, it is
    an input into latency analysis of the invoking process (which might have other responsibilities).
</p>
<div align="center">
    <table width="88%" border="1">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td width="100%" colspan="10">
                    <p align="center">
                        <font face="Arial" size="3"><b><i>System Use-Case &lt;name&gt;</i></b></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>System&nbsp;Operation</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Step</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="18%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Actor Action</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="28%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Black-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Subsystem White-Box Step Description</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>White-Box Step Budgeted Requirements</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Locality</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Process</b></font>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Worker</b></font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <p align="left">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(system&nbsp;operation identifier): name of the
                        system&nbsp;operation which is invoked for this step, for example, "&lt;&lt;system
                        operation&gt;&gt; Begin New Sale" (from Context Diagram)</span></font>
                    </p>
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>1</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(actor action identifier): description of what the <b>actor</b> does,
                    for example, "AA1: this use case begins when the <b>Clerk</b> pushes the New Sale button"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="28%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step identifier): description of the system's response
                    (without revealing the internal structure of the system), for example, "BBS1: the system brings up new
                    sales clerk and customer's screens and enables the scanner"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%" rowspan="3">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(black-box step requirements identifier): description of how well the
                    system must perform this step; for example, in terms of response time or rate, for example, "SUP36.2:
                    total response time is 0.5 seconds"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier): description of an action performed by a
                    <b>subsystem</b> (performing part of the black-box step) in the form of input, processing, output, for
                    example, "WBS1: the <b>Point-of-Sale Interface</b> clears the transaction, brings up new sales screens,
                    and requests that <b>Order Processing</b> start a sales list"</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(white-box step requirements identifier): description of how well the
                    subsystem must perform this step; for example, in terms of response time or rate, for example,
                    "SUP36.2.1: elapsed time 0.16 second"</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Locality identifier (in locality model)</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Process identifier (in process model)</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Organization or System Worker identifier</font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier):...</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><span>(white-box step requirements identifier):...</span></font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Locality identifier</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Process identifier</font>
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2">Organization or System Worker identifier</font>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>2</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td align="middle" width="10%">
                    <font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>3</i></b></font>
                </td>
                <td width="18%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="28%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
                <td width="44%">
                    &nbsp;
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
<p align="center">
    Example Allocated White-Box Flow-of-Events Budgeted Requirements
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="stepHeading">Sort white-box steps by subsystem</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    In this step, you collect together all white-box steps for each subsystem (that is, the white-box steps that
    <i>belong</i> to that subsystem). This is done in preparation for the identification of <i>Sub</i>system Operations
    (which are to the subsystem what System Operations are to the system), by examination of the subsystem white-box step
    descriptions. As with the identification of system operations, there <i>might</i> not be a unique subsystem operation
    for each white-box step. Also note that the white-box steps are grouped by system operation. For example, this might be
    done in tabular form as well, grouped by subsystem:
</p>
<p class="tableheading" align="center">
    Example Subsystem Use-Case Survey
</p>
<div align="center">
    <center>
        <table width="85%" border="1">
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="8">
                        <p align="center">
                            <font face="Arial" size="3"><b><i>Subsystem &lt;name&gt;</i></b></font>
                        </p>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>System Operation</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Locality</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Process</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Worker</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Subsystem White-Box Step Description</b></font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Subsystem Operation</b></font>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%" rowspan="6">
                        <p align="center">
                            &lt;name&gt;
                        </p>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2">Locality identifier</font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2">Process identifier</font>
                    </td>
                    <td align="middle" width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2">Organization or System Worker identifier</font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        <font face="Arial" size="2">(white-box step identifier): description of an action performed by a
                        <b>subsystem</b> (performing part of the black-box step) in the form of input, processing,
                        output</font>
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                    <td width="17%" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
                        &nbsp;
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </center>
</div>
<p class="tableheading" align="center">
    Example Operation Use-Case Survey
</p>
<p>
    In the case of a "systems of systems", where a use-case model is maintained for each system/subsystem, this grouping is
    a strong guide to the identification of subsystem use cases: you can initially identify a subsystem use case for each
    system operation in which the subsystem participates. You might then note that the sequences of white-box steps are the
    same for some of these use cases; therefore, they can be aggregated, and thus a single subsystem use case can be made
    to fulfill the needs of several system operations.
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="stepHeading">Refine outlined collaborations for each system operation</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    Based on the white-box steps, subsystem interactions are created in sequence or collaboration diagrams (in the Analysis
    Model). This refines the work done previously by the System Architect. At this stage, the collaborations might still be
    abstract, perhaps only links are identified, or messages at an abstract level. This work, nevertheless, gives an
    insight into the coupling and cohesion of the subsystems. This refines the white-box step expansion performed
    previously (see <a href="#Initial White-Box Step Expansion">Initial White-Box Step Expansion</a>).
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="stepHeading">Evaluate the analysis</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table class="stepTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td><p>
    The System Designer needs to call for an informal review at the conclusion of this task, and thus ensure that all
    emergent issues are recorded and scheduled for resolution.<br />
    <br />
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">Properties</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Multiple Occurrences" abbr="Multiple Occurrences">Multiple Occurrences</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Multiple Occurrences"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Event Driven" abbr="Event Driven">Event Driven</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Event Driven"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Ongoing" abbr="Ongoing">Ongoing</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Ongoing"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Optional" abbr="Optional">Optional</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Optional"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Planned" abbr="Planned">Planned</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Planned"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Repeatable" abbr="Repeatable">Repeatable</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Repeatable"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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<tr>
<td class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2008 版权所有 东软集团股份有限公司&nbsp; 联系邮箱:<a href="mailto:tcoe@neusoft.com">tcoe@neusoft.com</a></td>
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</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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